Parts

Summary
Part availability and clarity are two focuses of the ShapeOko project. This page is your resource to find the descriptions and discussion links for each part you will need in order to build a ShapeOko mill.

Bill of Materials
There are Bills of Material (B.O.M.s) at:


 * Parts (SO1)
 * ShapeOko 2: BOM (SO2),
 * Shapeoko 3/XL/XXL: B.O.M.

Please see the Vendors page for a list of vendors. Discussion of sourcing a machine as affordably as possible here: https://www.reddit.com/r/CNC/comments/18is48/how_to_build_a_cnc_for_500/

The following is a detailed list of parts required to build a ShapeOko CNC machine. In addition, there are a number of commodity items found in most hardware/home improvement stores which may be of use when building, upgrading or operating the machine (please see the list under Additional / Commodity Items below). Other parts, such as Stepper Motors, stepper drivers, power supplies, or microcontrollers are less likely to be found in a local store, and will probably have to be purchased from specialty shops or ordered from the online suppliers. Other parts, such as the open end plates and the motor mount plates were designed specifically for this project and are custom manufactured (but CAD files are available, and for the open end plates there are even instructions for making them with basic hand tools).

Source Files
Source files for the project are available:


 * https://www.dropbox.com/s/271fcka1wmyntp5/S3_Drawing_Pack_v1.zip?dl=1
 * Shapeoko3_Master_Assy_v0.1.zip c.f., Shapeoko 3: Drawings.
 * https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_Stepoko

and in at least one instance have been used to fashion a machine from scratch: https://hackaday.io/project/11486-building-a-shapeoko-3-from-scratch

Previous versions are on opensource repositories such as Github:


 * pre-ShapeOko --- original, wooden prototype shown on the Kickstarter page
 * Original ShapeOko --- ShapeOko 1 making use of MakerSlide, as sold on Kickstarter and by Inventables
 * ShapeOko 2 --- previous version Solidworks Project
 * eShapeoko

There are also machine models in SketchUp format available in the Trimble 3D Warehouse:


 * Shapeoko with V2 X&Y Plates
 * Shapeoko Xmount V2

and IGES and other formats:


 * Shapeoko 2 milling machine / Fresadora CN
 * http://community.carbide3d.com/t/shapeoko-xxl-cad-file/8081
 * Shapeoko XXL Kinda.zip

and Autodesk:


 * Re: 3D model of Shapeoko 3 http://a360.co/1U9yxof

See also MachineDesigner: How to design your own ShapeOko a (Windows) tool for (re)designing a machine, esp. useful for implementing and verifying upgrades.

Shapeoko 3

 * Carbide 3D: Shapeoko 3 (in black)
 * Sparkfun: Shapeoko 3 (in red) --- includes the opensource Stepoko all-in-one machine controller (see below)

XL and XXL versions and upgrade kits are also available from Carbide 3D.

http://docs.carbide3d.com/article/72-shapeoko-3-packing-list B.O.M. and http://www.shapeoko.com/wiki/index.php/Shapeoko_3#Bill_of_Materials_.28B.O.M..29

Mechanical Kit
Sparkfun: Mechanical kit

Maintenance Kit
https://shop.carbide3d.com/collections/tools/products/shapeoko-maintenance-kit

Includes:


 * Assembled V Wheels (16pcs)
 * 9mm Belts - specific to machine size (1 for x-axis, 2 for y-axis) --- these can be used to upgrade a 2015 machine to have 9mm belts
 * GT2 9mm, 6.35mm bore pulleys (3pcs)
 * GT2 6mm, 6.35mm bore pulley (1pc)
 * 6mm Z-axis belt (1pc)
 * GT2 6mm, 5mm bore pulley (1pc)
 * Eccentric Nuts (2pcs)
 * M5 x 18 Screws (2pcs)
 * M5 x 20 Screws (2pcs)

Hardware
Note that the SO3, being a larger machine, uses some larger hardware.

Note: Part images shown below not to scale.

https://www.boltdepot.com/fastener-information/materials-and-grades/bolt-grade-chart.aspx

Spacers
One of the most important aspects of a CNC mill is linear motion and the resultant need for parts to be in rigid, fixed relationships. One way to do that is w/ various sorts of spacers which are available in a myriad of sizes and a variety of materials.

If your kit is missing spacers, or they are unavailable in your locale, then a suitable stack of washers is a workable alternative.

Washers
Commodity hardware used to make fasteners hold more securely and to prevent them from damaging the underlying surface. Note that spring / lock washers may be suited to some usages. Note that the SO3 also uses M6 hardware.

The Shapeoko 3 has begun using precision shims rather than the commodity part.

Nuts
For the most part, commodity hardware used to allow bolts to fasten. There are also specialty post-assembly insertion nuts which are designed to be inserted into MakerSlide slots (rather than the openings at each end of a rail) allowing one flexibility in the placement of parts after assembly.

Note that the SO3 also uses M6 hardware.

Screws/Bolts
Threaded fasteners used to hold the machine together and attach accessories and components. Availability of specific lengths may be a constraint locally --- one option is to use the "ship-to-store" option of some chain stores.

The SO1 used socket head cap screws (SHCS) throughout, while the SO2 has switched to mostly button head caps screws (BHCS). The selected head is mostly a matter of price, convenience or style and doesn't affect the functionality so long as it doesn't interfere w/ the machine's motion.

Similarly, while black oxide is the finish used for the fasteners in current (and previous) kits, there's no especial reason for it other than cost / availability, and while hardware is available in a number of different grades, even the standard grade are more than strong enough.

Three wire technique for measuring thread: http://www.kanabco.com/vms/Media/eng_handbook/over%20wire.gif

The sort of fastener used may have implications for squaring the machine: http://community.carbide3d.com/t/dialing-my-so3-in-a-little/10145

Note that when securing a fastener, one must be careful to not overtorque or twist, or even bend it.

Structure
The steel plates are laser cut and powder coated for the SO2 and SO3 (depending on the vendor, some parts may be punched on a turret press). Tolerance for the laser is (roughly) +/- .02mm - .10mm. The thickness of the powder coat is .08mm to .127mm. If the laser errs on the minus side and the powder coating is on the thicker side, it may be necessary to remove the powder coating with a file, sandpaper or other tool.

Note that the Shapeoko 3 plates are made of 10 gauge (~3.42mm thick) steel.

Some production runs, depending on vendor may instead be punched out using a turret press (and other machines?).

The Shapeoko uses M8 knobs as leveling feet. An alternative is: JW Winco 352-30-25-M8-S-55 Series GN 352 Rubber Type S Cylindrical Vibration and Shock Absorption Mount with Threaded Stud, Metric Size, 30mm Diameter, 25mm Height

Engineering calculators

 * http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_calc_menu.shtml
 * http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_bending/calculators_protected/beam_deflection_2.htm
 * https://www.easycalculation.com/engineering/mechanical/deflection-solid-round-beams.php

Motion
Linear motion is a fundamental aspect of CNC, and usually has two aspects, motion and guidance.

The Shapeoko project uses Belts and Pulleys (for motion) with custom V-rail extrusions (for guidance), and the early generations used M8 threaded rod for the Z-axis (Acme rod was a frequent upgrade). Options include:


 * Screws (with the balance of the axis on some sort of guide or rail)
 * Ball screws --- these are designed to lessen friction Formula for calculating max. speed 2.71*10^8 * diameter/length^2 RPM
 * trapezoidal leadscrews
 * screws --- normally used for fastening, these were used for the Z-axis on the stock SO1/2
 * Bearings
 * Linear guides, slides, and actuators

Screw and belt comparison: https://www.reddit.com/r/hobbycnc/comments/aa138w/like_so_many_hobby_cnc_recommendation/ecq7y6s/

1.Z-axis (screw-driven) = 99.97% accurate (varies 0.003in over 10in of travel)

2.X-axis (belt driven) = 99.33% accurate (varies 0.067in over 10in of travel)

3.Y-axis (belt-driven) = 99.60% accurate (varies 0.040in over 10in of travel)

Note that Delrin may be damaged by exposure to certain lubricants such as WD-40.

All Axes
Delrin V-wheels w/ precision shims and bearings are used on all axes of movement. Previously provided as separate parts, they are pre-assembled in newer kits. Unfortunately, this prevents most people from assessing the parts tolerances prior to assembly --- out-of-spec parts usually manifest as a slight wobble or click when the machine moves. Discussion and solution: Z Plate movement - solved (for me anyway) and V-Wheel Washer Issues

Note that due to the reduction of wheels for the X-axis plate in the current SO3 design, it is especially important that the bearings for it be properly pre-loaded.

X- and Y-Axes
The ShapeOko 1 and 2 used belts, pulleys and idler wheels for motion along the X- and Y-axes, the Shapeoko 3 introduced a belt-driven Z-axis.

Shapeoko 3 Z-axis
The Shapeoko 3 uses a belt-driven Z-axis, requiring an endless loop 6mm wide GT2 belt. Belike this could be replaced by a length of belt and a clamp which could be affixed where the fixed pulley is placed.


 * SDP/SI carries a 516mm belt: http://shop.sdp-si.com/catalog/product/?id=A_6R51M516060
 * http://www.robotdigg.com/product/501/520-2gt-6+endless+belt
 * http://www.sdp-si.com/products/belts/gt2.htm
 * Amazon
 * https://www.amazon.com/2GT-520-6-Timing-Belt-Closed-Loop/dp/B018528Z38
 * https://www.amazon.com/2GT-Timing-Belt-Closed-Loop/dp/B014R38TC6

The belt-driven Z-axis also requires a set of springs to keep the router from falling down to the wasteboard --- this requires a careful balancing of weight and spring tension. Measured data on this, and notes on replacement springs here: http://www.shapeoko.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=7446&p=65840

Note the availability of: https://shop.carbide3d.com/collections/shapeoko-hd/products/shapeoko-hdz

Tooling
https://s3.amazonaws.com/helpscout.net/docs/assets/5550f414e4b01a224b42355c/attachments/55795d71e4b01a224b42a8e2/Shapeoko3ClampBracketCustomerSpec.pdf

Electronics
Please see the Electronics page for a brief overview of the different components.

Power
Typically the Power Supply consists of 3 parts, a cord to connect to a wall outlet (this will vary based on locale as discussed at: http://docs.carbide3d.com/shapeoko-faq/will-shapeoko-work-with-220-volts/, a transformer which converts AC to DC current of the appropriate voltage at a suitable amperage with a suitable number of Watts of power, and a wired connector which attaches to the control board.

The Nomad 883 Pro uses a power supply which accepts up to 264V 3.5A, and outputs 24V at 7.5A.

Since then, the Shapeoko has switched to a commercial power supply which does not need to be modified.

For reference, the original Shapeoko 2 parts are:

Microcontroller
The microcontroller may be an all-in-one board such as an Azteeg X5 mini, or a pair of boards which fit together, one provides the logic (Controller Board), the other the high-voltage control circuitry (Stepper Shield), depending upon one's needs and budget.

Microcontrollers are defined by:


 * which firmware(s) they can run (the default for the Shapeoko in milling mode is Grbl)
 * how many axes they can control (by default, a Shapeoko needs 3, X-, Y- and Z-axes, one may add additional axes, or extruder(s) for 3D printing)

Swapping out Carbide 3D Board: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FPLLX4YSkY

Enclosure/Housing
Originally this was aluminum and open at top/bottom. It was then upgraded to a single-piece folded sheet metal, and is now a two-part low profile housing:

https://docs.carbide3d.com/assembly/low-profile-housing/

USB Cable
https://www.amazon.com/Tripp-Lite-Hi-Speed-Ferrite-U023-003/dp/B008VOPCGY

End Mills
End mills must be considered a consumable item, and can be a significant portion of one's CNC budget. See the Endmills: Specific Bit and Brand Recommendations on the Endmills page for some specific end mill suggestions and the Vendors page for a potential places to purchase from.

Additional / Commodity Items
There are a number of other items which one may need or will find useful:


 * Extra M3 and M5 washers --- these are pricey in low quantities, and are generally useful
 * Lock washers (Note especially their suggested use for “Tensioning the Machine” in Assembly troubleshooting) and other miscellaneous hardware, esp. for Belt Anchors
 * M5 socket cap screw assortment --- automotive stores usually have a plastic organizer filled w/ various sizes --- saves a lot of time and gas and cash if you do much upgrading
 * Zip ties or other fasteners
 * Cable Management system
 * End mills
 * Material for an electronic enclosure
 * Some way to cool the stepper drivers such as a fan and/or heat sinks

Thread on this here: What else should I have on hand?